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农村特色野果,清热利湿、解毒消肿、散瘀止痛——水杨梅栽培技术

时间:2018-07-30 00:20:17 来源:中国农林科技网作者:水杨点击:

导读:[db:简介]
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杨梅语:杰出

杨梅为茜科,属,落叶小灌木,别名:细叶杨柳。原产中国,主要分布于广东、广西、福建、江苏、浙江、湖南、江西和陕西(秦岭南坡)。杨梅树姿优美,枝条披散,婀娜多姿,紫红球满吐长蕊,秀丽夺目,观赏价值高,容易栽培,可做盆景,其还具有质净化功能,适用于低洼地、池畔和塘边栽培,是湖滨绿化的优良树种,也可作径绿篱。同时杨梅的茎叶及果实还可供用,有清利湿、解毒消肿、散瘀止功效。主治湿、泄泻、痢疾、湿疹、疮疖肿毒、风火、跌打损伤、外伤出等症。

杨梅高1~3米。叶对生,近无柄,薄革质,卵状披针形或卵状椭圆形,全缘。序单生,顶生或兼有腋生,小苞片线形或线状棒形;冠管长2-3毫米,5裂,冠裂片三角状,紫红色。小蒴果长卵状楔形,种子棕色长椭圆形。、果期5~12月。杨梅喜温暖湿润和阳光充足环境,较耐寒,不耐高温和干旱,耐湿,萌发力强,枝条密集,在疏松肥沃、排良好的微沙壤土栽植为佳。

杨梅栽培技术

(1)育苗技术:杨梅多采用扦插繁殖,于5~6月选取健壮母株上的2年生枝条,剪成10~15厘米做插穗,每节插穗保留2个饱满芽。将插穗插于用土,沙子、蛭石、珍珠岩混合的基质中,基质厚度8厘米,扦插深度为2~3厘米。扦插后及时喷雾浇,保持基质湿润,温度控制在20℃左右。插穗生根,生长稳定后即可出圃移栽。

(2)栽培技术:选择疏松肥沃、排良好的微沙壤土进行栽种,株行距根据需要来定,栽后浇透,春季萌芽后,施肥1次,促使多萌发新枝。需经常灌,保持土壤湿润,有利于杨梅生长。冬春萌芽前将过密枝、干枯枝、交叉重叠枝疏除,并将过长的枝条短截,使枝叶分布均匀,达到各个部位都能通风见光,有利于多开。(中国农林科技网)

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